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BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent comorbidity that may persist chronically in individuals with epilepsy. Unfortunately, anxiety is commonly ignored and rarely reported by epileptic patient. Therefore, early intervention and proper treatment should be addressed in these people. Acknowledging risk factors related to anxiety among epileptic patients may be useful in tailoring more appropriate psychiatric support. AIM: The aim of our study is to investigate risk factors related to anxiety among epileptic patients. METHOD(S): This cross-sectional predictive analytical multivariate study was conducted through March to May 2021 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan involving 84 epileptic patients visiting Neurology outpatient clinic who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria COVID-19 health protocols. Anxiety score was assessed using HADS-A self-reported questionnaire. RESULT(S): We found that most of our patients are female who have experienced epilepsy for around 3 years. Exacerbations occurs approximately 4 times a year with duration of 10-20 min. Finally, we found that age, seizure duration, epileptic frequency, and gender are independent risk factors for anxiety severity among epileptic patients. CONCLUSION(S): Age, seizure duration, epileptic frequency, and gender are independent risk factors for anxiety severity among epileptic patients. Copyright © 2022 Hanny Soraya, Mustafa M. Amin, Muhammad Surya Husada, Elmeida Effendy.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer has been known as the leading cause of death with depression as the most common coexisting morbidity. Factors related to depression among cancer patients are required to be explored. AIM: This study aims to investigate factors related to depression among colorectal cancer patients in Medan. METHODS: This cross-sectional predictive analytical multivariate study was conducted through March–May 2021 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, involving 105 colorectal patients visiting digestive surgery outpatient clinic who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were requested to fill in personal data on participant’s form. Direct interview was conducted in accordance with COVID-19 health protocols. To assess depression score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale questionnaire was used in the study. RESULTS: Our study found among independent variables that we assessed, five variables;length of education, number of comorbidities, gender, occupation, and marital status are independent risk factors related to the occurrence of depression among colorectal cancer patients (adjusted R2 = 68.5%). CONCLUSION: By acknowledging risk factors related to depression among these patients, early intervention and tailored education for both patients and their loved ones can be done.
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BACKGROUND: Stroke is known as chronic disease, leading to disability which makes help from caregivers become necessary. Attending stroke patients possess certain challenges and burdens toward the caregivers. AIM: We aim to investigate risk factors related to depression among caregivers attending post-ischemic stroke. METHODS: Eighty-three caregivers and post-ischemic stroke patients were collected consecutively from the Neurology Department of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Our multivariate study shows that patient’s age, caregiver’s gender, patient’s gender, and modified Barthel Index are associated with depression with adjusted R2 of 59.3%. CONCLUSION: Early detection and intervention should be addressed regularly for caregivers attending post-stroke patients.
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BACKGROUND: The popularity of cell phones among the younger generation has increased rapidly in a short period, leading to the high prevalence of smartphone addiction among adolescents worldwide, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with smartphone addiction measured by the Indonesian version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) score in both pre-clinical and clerkship students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2020 in pre-clinical and clerkship students of the Faculty of Medicine from the Universitas Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Islamic University, Hospital of North Sumatra University, and Hospital of Haji Medan academic year of 2019–2020. The Indonesian version of the SAS-SV questionnaire was distributed to the study subjects through Google Forms. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis showed all variables to be significantly associated with SAS-SV score (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed all variables but the type of smartphone and the closest family members to be significantly associated with the SAS-SV score. CONCLUSION: Age, gender, education level, monthly income, duration of smartphone use, sleep duration, parental educational background, monthly internet costs, and other uses of smartphones were found to be associated with smartphone addiction as measured by the Indonesian version of the SAS-SV score. Meanwhile, the type of smartphone and the closest family members were not associated with smartphone addiction as measured by the Indonesian version of the SAS-SV score.
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Background: Self-quarantine and social distancing are one of the numerous impacts of COVID-19 pandemic that leads individuals to spend much more time at home which in turn interestingly contributes to the increased number of gaming disorder cases. Gaming disorder is defined as a negative behavioural pattern that is characterized by excessive time spent on playing games and losing self-control in terms of playing games that causes neglect of other daily activities or interests. Case Report: We are reporting a case of gaming disorder in a 25-year-old man, D, through this COVID-19 pandemic.
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Background: Smartphone has been one of the most prominent break-throughs in not just communication but also daily function right on the tip of the fingers which is more likely to put individuals to excessive smart-phone usage. Massive number of people are tend to develop dependence to smartphone usage which leads to less interpersonal relationship and decreased real social interactions that result in isolation and loneliness. Aim: Investigating smartphone addiction among medical students in Medan, Indonesia, but also to evaluate factors and Sociodemographic characteristics that are related to smartphone addiction particularly during COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This cross sectional multivariate study conducted in April to May 2021 involves 200 medical students and focuses on investigating the relationship between several independent variables and smartphone addiction by using Indonesian version of Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV). The questionnaire was distributed through Google Form. All data were then analyzed by means of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 22. Linear regression was used when all required condition were fulfilled. Results: Independent factors such as age, parent’s income, usage duration, sleeping duration, medical education stage and gender are found to be related to SAS-SV score with p value of less than 0.05 and adjusted R2 of 62.8% (indicating that independent factors are related to SAS-SV score for as much as 62.8%). In the other hand we found that independent factors, such as phone’s operating system, parents education, internet access, kinship, and other function of smartphone are not statistically significant (p>0.05). Hence, these factors are not related to SAS-SV score. Conclusion: From this study, we found that independent risk factors related to SAS-SV score among medical students during pandemic are as in the following;age, gender, parents income, medical education stage, usage and sleeping duration. By knowing these factors, it is hoped that clinicians and public policy regulators are able to give more attention and set up more appropriate psychotherapy or support as early as possible toward those with smartphone addiction. © 2021 Effendy E, et al.
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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been well acknowledged dominated headlines throughout the world. During a pandemic, fear related to COVID-19 is a natural psychological reaction, expressed not only in fear and anxiety related to disease and death, but also correlated with occupational social stress. A different type of developmental event, the emergence of a particular phobia, may be signaled when these fears persist and become more severe. A recent emerging phobia unique to COVID-19 is coronaphobia. CASE REPORT: We presented a case of coronaphobia in a 24-year-old male social and political sciences student in his past year academy at local community college, unmarried, from Melayu tribe. He came with his sister to seek treatment from a psychiatrist for his excessive fear and dysfunctional anxiety about the COVID-19. CONCLUSION: We give psychoeducation to him, recognizing the diagnosis, describing the process of learning fear and how it was sustained. Therapy concentrated on giving him potential reasons to challenge his doubts, patterns of avoidance, and efforts were made to replace it with more adaptive values and answers.
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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects respiratory system and other organs. It is transmitted through air or contact of contaminated surfaces. Thus, physical and social distancing, hand washing with soap, or hand sanitizer are greatly persuaded. Interestingly, this pandemic does not only affect physical health, but also mental disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that is marked with the presence of either obsession or persistent compulsive behavior, or in the most common form, both are present. Obsession is thought, image or desire that preoccupies someone’s mind which commonly is related to anxiety. Compulsion, in the other hand, is repetitive behavior that strongly derives individual to do so to achieve fulfillment of one’s obsession that is not considered normal on the bases of daily norm. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old woman as a bank employee admitted of doing repetitively unreasonable hand washing and shower within approximately the past 3 months. She even washes her hands more than 10 times in an hour and takes shower more than 5 times a day. She admitted that this is her very first experience and all were started at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic also causes serious mental disorders and has become such a nightmare or worst scenario for those experiencing OCD. Physical and social distancing, hand washing with soap, or hand sanitizer are greatly.
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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused changes in people’s living conditions and has brought harmful psychological effects such as anxiety. The military has an important role as a health service provider in particular and accelerates control in disasters such as COVID-19. Mental health in the rapid adaptation of the military is an important thing in carrying out its duties. AIM: This study is to determine the adaptability of the Belawan Defense Marine Battalion Soldiers in dealing with situations that have never been faced before. METHODS: This study is a paired numerical comparative analytical study using a retrospective approach. This study is a paired numerical comparative analytical study using a retrospective approach by assessing the difference in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) score and also the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T) score during the COVID-19 pandemic and normal conditions before the pandemic, with the study population of Marine Defense Battalion Soldiers Base-I Belawan. RESULTS: The median of the STAI-S score during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Belawan Defense Base-I Marine Battalion Soldier is 35 with a minimum value of 20 and a maximum value of 55. There is a significant difference between the STAI-S score during the COVID-19 pandemic and normal conditions at Belawan I-Base Defense Marine Battalion Soldiers (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the STAI-T score between the COVID-19 pandemic and the normal condition of the Belawan I-Base Marine Defense Battalion Soldiers (p = 0.45). CONCLUSION: There was a tendency for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to normal conditions in the Belawan I-Base Defense Marine Battalion Soldier.
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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus outbreak that is infecting many people almost all over the world, including Indonesia. The impact of this pandemic also affects medical health workers who are in charge of treating COVID-19 patients where they are at high risk of being infected. This causes psychological disorders such as anxiety and many factors that can become a risk for anxiety. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for anxiety in medical health workers who treat COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Haji Adam Malik Hospital and its satellites in Medan, North Sumatera, cross-sectional through online survey using hospital anxiety and depression scale, anxiety subscale, from May 2020 to July 2020, 129 participants. RESULTS: Four risk factors have a relationship to the occurrence of anxiety, such as gender, marital status, history of organic diseases, and duration of work caring for COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: By knowing the risk factors that can cause anxiety in medical health workers, it is hoped that both the hospital management and individual medical health workers can pay more attention to and anticipate so that medical health workers can feel more secure in carrying out their duties treating for COVID-19 patients.